FDDI
FDDI stands for Fiber
Distributed Data Interface. The FDDI standard is ANSI X3T9.5 . The FDDI
topology is ring with two counter rotating rings for reliability with no
hubs. Cable type is fiber-optic. Connectors are specialized. The media access
method is token passing. Multiple tokens may be used by the system. The maximum
length is 100 kilometers. The maximum number of nodes on the network is 500. Speed
is 100 Mbps. FDDI is normally used as a backbone to link other networks. A
typical FDDI network can include servers, concentrators, and links to other
networks. CDDI is a copper version of FDDI which uses category 5 cable.
Obviously the distance is more limited than FDDI.
Devices called concentrators provide functions
similar to hubs. Most concentrators use dual attachment station network cards
but single attachment concentrators may be used to attach more workstations to
the network.
FDDI token passing
allows multiple frames to circulate around the ring at the same time. Priority
levels of a data frame and token can be set to allow servers to send more data
frames. Time sensitive data may also be given higher priority. The second ring
in a FDDI network is a method of adjusting when there are breaks in the cable.
The primary ring is normally used, but if the nearest downstream neighbor stops
responding the data is sent on the secondary ring in attempt to reach the
computer. Therefore a break in the cable will result in the secondary ring
being used. There are two network cards which are:
- Dual attachment stations
(DAS) used for servers and concentrators are attached to both rings.
- Single Attachment
stations (SAS) attached to one ring and used to attach workstations to
concentrators.
Characteristics Summary
- Topology - Double ring.
- Cable - Fiber.
- Speed - 100Mbps.
- Maximum segment length -
2000 meters.
- Media access - Token
passing.
- Maximum nodes on the network
- 500.
Troubleshooting
Plastic fiber is only useful to 50 meters. Multimode glass is good to 2 kilometers. A tool called an Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) may be used to debug this network.
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